일본은행(BOJ)총재 구로다 하루히코는 2016년 9월 열린 통화정책회의에서 엔화의 양적완화 에서 수익률곡선으로 중점을 바꾸겠다고 한바 있습니다.
(출처:Investing.com)
지금까지 엔화 양적완화 정책을 펴서 엔저를 통해 일본의 수출기업중심으로 성장을 이루어내어 최근 일본의 주요경제지표 및 기업들의 실적이 큰폭 개선되고 있습니다.
그럼에도 불구하고 일본은행이 엔화의 양적완화수준을 더이상 늘리지 않고 수익률곡선(Yield Curve) 컨트롤에 집중하겠다 한데에는 숨겨진 이유가 있습니다.
일본은행이 통화완화정책을 사용할때는 시중은행들로부터 국채를 매수하는 대신에 엔화를 시중은행들에 분배하는 방식을 사용하고 있습니다. 2016년 8월 16일(현지시간) 블룸버그 통신 기사에 의하면 일본의 시중은행들이 보유한 국채가 바닥나 더이상 일본은행에 팔 국채가 남아있지 않다고 합니다.
또한 일본의 3대 은행인 미쓰비시 금융, 쓰미토모 미쓰이 금융 그리고 미즈호 금융이 일본은행에 지속적으로 국채를 팔경우 담보요건 수준까지 근접하게 될것이라고 말하고 있습니다. 담보요건수준이하로 내려가게되면 미국의 리멘브라더스의 몰락과 같은 대금융위기를 초래할수 있어 심각한 문제로 생각해야 합니다.
1. At the Monetary Policy Meeting held today, the Policy Board of the Bank of Japan decided upon the following.
(1) Yield curve control
The Bank decided, by a 7-2 majority vote, to set the following guideline for market operations for the intermeeting period. [Note 1]
The short-term policy interest rate: The Bank will apply a negative interest rate of minus 0.1 percent to the Policy-Rate Balances in current accounts held by financial institutions at the Bank.
The long-term interest rate: The Bank will purchase Japanese government bonds (JGBs) so that 10-year JGB yields will remain at around zero percent. With regard to the amount of JGBs to be purchased, the Bank will conduct purchases at more or less the current pace -- an annual pace of increase in the amount outstanding of its JGB holdings of about 80 trillion yen -- aiming to achieve the target level of the long-term interest rate specified by the guideline.
2. Japan's economy has continued its moderate recovery trend. Overseas economies have continued to grow at a moderate pace, although emerging economies remain sluggish in part. In this situation, exports have picked up. On the domestic demand side, business fixed
2
investment has been on a moderate increasing trend as corporate profits have been at high levels and business sentiment has improved somewhat. Against the background of steady improvement in the employment and income situation, private consumption has been resilient, and housing investment has continued its pick-up. In the meantime, public investment has been more or less flat. Reflecting these moderate increases in demand both at home and abroad and the progress in inventory adjustments, industrial production has picked up. Financial conditions are highly accommodative. On the price front, the year-on-year rate of change in the consumer price index (CPI, all items less fresh food) has been slightly negative. Inflation expectations have remained in a weakening phase.
3. With regard to the outlook, Japan's economy is likely to turn to a moderate expansion. Domestic demand is likely to follow an uptrend, with a virtuous cycle from income to spending being maintained in both the corporate and household sectors, on the back of highly accommodative financial conditions and fiscal spending through the government's large-scale stimulus measures. Exports are expected to follow a moderate increasing trend on the back of an improvement in overseas economies. The year-on-year rate of change in the CPI is likely to be slightly negative or about 0 percent for the time being, due to the effects of the decline in energy prices, and as the output gap improves and medium- to long-term inflation expectations rise, it is expected to increase toward 2 percent. [Note 3]
4. Risks to the outlook include the following: developments in emerging and commodity-exporting economies, particularly China; developments in the U.S. economy and the impact of its monetary policy on global financial markets; the consequences stemming from the United Kingdom's vote to leave the European Union (EU) and their effects; prospects regarding the European debt problem, including the financial sector; and geopolitical risks.
5. The Bank will continue with "Quantitative and Qualitative Monetary Easing (QQE) with Yield Curve Control," aiming to achieve the price stability target of 2 percent, as long as it is necessary for maintaining that target in a stable manner. It will continue expanding the monetary base until the year-on-year rate of increase in the observed CPI (all items less fresh food) exceeds 2 percent and stays above the target in a stable manner. The Bank will make policy adjustments as appropriate, taking account of developments in economic activity and prices as well as financial conditions, with a view to maintaining the momentum toward achieving the price stability target. [Note 4]
국채 매입양을 늘리는것이 아니라 수익률곡선 조절을 통해 목표인프레이션 2%를 달성하겠다고 하는것은 앞서말씀드렸듯이 시중은행들이 일본은행(중앙은행) 에 팔수 있는 국채의 양이 바닦나고 있다는 신호인것 같습니다.
(출처:TradingEconomics, Ministry of Internal Affairs of Communications)
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